From 06c30cff5aab2ab0f143ff425626164ed533a9c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 10:17:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] render map_Bump normal maps with baked per-vertex
 tangents

---
 src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js    | 29 ++++++++++---
 src/webgl/loading.js         | 24 ++++++++++-
 src/webgl/p5.Geometry.js     | 79 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js |  5 ++-
 src/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js   |  1 +
 src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag | 20 ++++++++-
 src/webgl/shaders/phong.vert | 23 +++++++++++
 7 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
index 96768d08ea..21c261beab 100644
--- a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
+++ b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     this.states._specularTex = null;
     this.states._ambientTex = null;
     this.states._shininessTex = null;
+    this.states._normalTex = null;
     this.states.textureMode = constants.IMAGE;
     this.states.textureWrapX = constants.CLAMP;
     this.states.textureWrapY = constants.CLAMP;
@@ -295,7 +296,17 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
         ),
         new RenderBuffer(2, 'uvs', 'uvBuffer', 'aTexCoord', this, arr =>
           arr.flat()
-        )
+        ),
+        // surface tangents for normal mapping. [x, y, z, handedness] per vertex.
+        // only computed for models with a normal map, and only read by the map
+        // shader variant; defaults to a dummy so the attribute stays valid.
+        new RenderBuffer(
+          4,
+          'vertexTangents',
+          'tangentBuffer',
+          'aTangent',
+          this
+        ).default(geometry => geometry.vertices.flatMap(() => [0, 0, 0, 1]))
       ],
       stroke: [
         new RenderBuffer(
@@ -702,6 +713,9 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     if (partState.shininessTexture) {
       this.states.setValue('_shininessTex', partState.shininessTexture);
     }
+    if (partState.normalTexture) {
+      this.states.setValue('_normalTex', partState.normalTexture);
+    }
   }
 
   _drawStrokes(geometry, { count } = {}) {
@@ -1483,13 +1497,14 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
   }
 
   // true when the current material has any mtl texture map bound (specular,
-  // ambient or shininess). drives both shader-variant selection and whether
-  // the map uniforms are worth binding at all.
+  // ambient, shininess or normal). drives both shader-variant selection and
+  // whether the map uniforms are worth binding at all.
   _hasActiveTextureMap() {
     return !!(
       this.states._specularTex ||
       this.states._ambientTex ||
-      this.states._shininessTex
+      this.states._shininessTex ||
+      this.states._normalTex
     );
   }
 
@@ -1601,7 +1616,8 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     // mtl texture maps only exist in the USE_TEXTURE_MAPS shader variant, which
     // is only selected when a part actually binds one. so for the common case
     // (lit scene, no maps) we skip all of these setUniform calls entirely and
-    // the plain phong shader carries none of the map uniforms.
+    // the plain phong shader carries none of the map uniforms. bind all four
+    // pairs together since the variant declares all of them.
     if (this._hasActiveTextureMap()) {
       // specular map (map_Ks)
       fillShader.setUniform('uHasSpecularTex', !!this.states._specularTex);
@@ -1615,6 +1631,9 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
         'uShininessSampler',
         this.states._shininessTex || empty
       );
+      // normal map (map_Bump): perturbs the surface normal in tangent space
+      fillShader.setUniform('uHasNormalMap', !!this.states._normalTex);
+      fillShader.setUniform('uNormalSampler', this.states._normalTex || empty);
     }
     fillShader.setUniform(
       'uTint',
diff --git a/src/webgl/loading.js b/src/webgl/loading.js
index 603a75afaa..0013b11446 100755
--- a/src/webgl/loading.js
+++ b/src/webgl/loading.js
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ function mtlToPartState(material) {
     // the map scales the base shininess; default the base to 1 when no Ns
     if (state.shininess == null) state.shininess = 1;
   }
+  if (material.normalTexture) state.normalTexture = material.normalTexture;
   return state;
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +127,8 @@ const MATERIAL_TEXTURE_MAPS = [
   ['texturePath', 'texture'], // map_Kd (diffuse)
   ['specularTexturePath', 'specularTexture'], // map_Ks (specular)
   ['ambientTexturePath', 'ambientTexture'], // map_Ka (ambient)
-  ['shininessTexturePath', 'shininessTexture'] // map_Ns (shininess)
+  ['shininessTexturePath', 'shininessTexture'], // map_Ns (shininess)
+  ['bumpTexturePath', 'normalTexture'] // map_Bump (normal)
 ];
 
 // load each material's texture maps and hang them on the material so they land
@@ -173,6 +175,7 @@ function buildMaterialParts(model, faceMaterials, materials) {
 
   const hasUvs = model.uvs.length > 0;
   const hasNormals = model.vertexNormals.length > 0;
+  const hasTangents = model.vertexTangents.length > 0;
   const parts = [];
 
   for (const name of names) {
@@ -190,6 +193,14 @@ function buildMaterialParts(model, faceMaterials, materials) {
           part.vertices.push(model.vertices[vi]);
           if (hasUvs) part.uvs.push(model.uvs[vi]);
           if (hasNormals) part.vertexNormals.push(model.vertexNormals[vi]);
+          if (hasTangents) {
+            part.vertexTangents.push(
+              model.vertexTangents[vi * 4],
+              model.vertexTangents[vi * 4 + 1],
+              model.vertexTangents[vi * 4 + 2],
+              model.vertexTangents[vi * 4 + 3]
+            );
+          }
         }
         return localIndex.get(vi);
       });
@@ -813,6 +824,17 @@ function loading(p5, fn) {
       model.vertexColors = [];
     }
 
+    // normal maps need per-vertex tangents; compute them once on the aggregate
+    // (normals are ready above) so buildMaterialParts hands each part its slice.
+    // only done when a material actually uses a normal map, so plain models pay
+    // nothing extra.
+    const needsTangents = Object.values(materials).some(
+      m => m && m.normalTexture
+    );
+    if (needsTangents) {
+      model.computeTangents();
+    }
+
     // bucket faces into per-material parts (aggregate arrays above stay as-is)
     buildMaterialParts(model, faceMaterials, materials);
 
diff --git a/src/webgl/p5.Geometry.js b/src/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
index cd842eaa67..783381b682 100644
--- a/src/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
+++ b/src/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ class Geometry {
 
     this.vertexNormals = [];
 
+    // per-vertex surface tangents for normal mapping, stored flat as
+    // [x, y, z, w] where w is the bitangent handedness. computeTangents() fills
+    // this; empty until a normal-mapped model needs it.
+    this.vertexTangents = [];
+
     this.faces = [];
 
     this.uvs = [];
@@ -250,6 +255,7 @@ class Geometry {
     this.vertexStrokeColors.length = 0;
     this.lineVertexColors.clear();
     this.vertexNormals.length = 0;
+    this.vertexTangents.length = 0;
     this.uvs.length = 0;
 
     for (const propName in this.userVertexProperties) {
@@ -1256,6 +1262,79 @@ class Geometry {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * computes a per-vertex surface tangent from the uvs, needed for normal
+   * (bump) mapping. the tangent points along the +u texture direction; its w
+   * component stores the bitangent handedness so the shader can rebuild the
+   * bitangent as cross(normal, tangent) * w. results are stored flat as
+   * [x, y, z, w] per vertex on this.vertexTangents. needs uvs and vertex
+   * normals, so run computeNormals() first if the model has none.
+   * @private
+   * @chainable
+   */
+  computeTangents() {
+    const vertices = this.vertices;
+    const faces = this.faces;
+    const uvs = this.uvs.flat();
+    const normals = this.vertexNormals;
+
+    // nothing to build a tangent basis from without uvs and normals
+    if (uvs.length === 0 || normals.length === 0) {
+      this.vertexTangents = [];
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // accumulate the +u direction (tan) and +v direction (bitan) per vertex
+    const tan = [];
+    const bitan = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) {
+      tan.push(new Vector(0, 0, 0));
+      bitan.push(new Vector(0, 0, 0));
+    }
+    const uvAt = i => ({ x: uvs[i * 2] || 0, y: uvs[i * 2 + 1] || 0 });
+
+    for (const face of faces) {
+      const [i0, i1, i2] = face;
+      const e1 = Vector.sub(vertices[i1], vertices[i0]);
+      const e2 = Vector.sub(vertices[i2], vertices[i0]);
+      const w0 = uvAt(i0);
+      const w1 = uvAt(i1);
+      const w2 = uvAt(i2);
+      const du1 = w1.x - w0.x;
+      const dv1 = w1.y - w0.y;
+      const du2 = w2.x - w0.x;
+      const dv2 = w2.y - w0.y;
+
+      const denom = du1 * dv2 - du2 * dv1;
+      const r = denom === 0 ? 0 : 1 / denom;
+      const sdir = Vector.sub(Vector.mult(e1, dv2), Vector.mult(e2, dv1)).mult(r);
+      const tdir = Vector.sub(Vector.mult(e2, du1), Vector.mult(e1, du2)).mult(r);
+
+      for (const idx of face) {
+        tan[idx].add(sdir);
+        bitan[idx].add(tdir);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // orthonormalise each tangent against its normal and record handedness
+    const tangents = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) {
+      const n = normals[i] || new Vector(0, 0, 1);
+      let t = Vector.sub(tan[i], Vector.mult(n, n.dot(tan[i])));
+      if (t.magSq() === 0) {
+        // degenerate uvs: pick any direction perpendicular to the normal
+        const seed = Math.abs(n.x) < 0.9 ? new Vector(1, 0, 0) : new Vector(0, 1, 0);
+        t = Vector.sub(seed, Vector.mult(n, n.dot(seed)));
+      }
+      t.normalize();
+      const handedness = Vector.cross(n, t).dot(bitan[i]) < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+      tangents.push(t.x, t.y, t.z, handedness);
+    }
+
+    this.vertexTangents = tangents;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Averages the vertex normals. Used in curved
    * surfaces
diff --git a/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js b/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
index 5873ac8959..b10209cbdf 100644
--- a/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
+++ b/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ function createPartState() {
     texture: null, // map_Kd -> p5.Image | null
     specularTexture: null, // map_Ks -> p5.Image | null
     ambientTexture: null, // map_Ka -> p5.Image | null
-    shininessTexture: null // map_Ns -> p5.Image | null
+    shininessTexture: null, // map_Ns -> p5.Image | null
+    normalTexture: null // map_Bump -> p5.Image | null
   };
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ class GeometryPart {
 
     this.vertices = [];
     this.vertexNormals = [];
+    // surface tangents for normal mapping, flat [x, y, z, w] per vertex
+    this.vertexTangents = [];
     this.faces = [];
     this.uvs = [];
     this.vertexColors = [];
diff --git a/src/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js b/src/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
index cffb0f5f83..e344a4a467 100644
--- a/src/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
+++ b/src/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
@@ -744,6 +744,7 @@ class RendererGL extends Renderer3D {
         this[cacheKey] = new Shader(
           this,
           this._webGL2CompatibilityPrefix('vert', 'highp') +
+            mapsDefine +
             defaultShaders.phongVert,
           this._webGL2CompatibilityPrefix('frag', 'highp') +
             mapsDefine +
diff --git a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
index 894f13cc78..9bb6e8b0b8 100644
--- a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
+++ b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
@@ -22,12 +22,17 @@ uniform sampler2D uAmbientSampler;
 uniform bool uHasAmbientTex;
 uniform sampler2D uShininessSampler;
 uniform bool uHasShininessTex;
+uniform sampler2D uNormalSampler;
+uniform bool uHasNormalMap;
 #endif
 
 IN vec3 vNormal;
 IN vec2 vTexCoord;
 IN vec3 vViewPosition;
 IN vec4 vColor;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+IN vec4 vTangent;
+#endif
 
 struct ColorComponents {
   vec3 baseColor;
@@ -56,7 +61,20 @@ void main(void) {
   HOOK_beforeFragment();
 
   Inputs inputs;
-  inputs.normal = normalize(vNormal);
+  vec3 N = normalize(vNormal);
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  if (uHasNormalMap) {
+    // rebuild the tangent basis (TBN) from the smooth per-vertex tangent and
+    // perturb the normal by the map. gram-schmidt keeps T perpendicular to the
+    // interpolated normal so the frame stays smooth across triangles (no facets).
+    vec3 T = normalize(vTangent.xyz);
+    T = normalize(T - N * dot(N, T));
+    vec3 B = cross(N, T) * vTangent.w;
+    vec3 mapN = TEXTURE(uNormalSampler, vTexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    N = normalize(mat3(T, B, N) * mapN);
+  }
+#endif
+  inputs.normal = N;
   inputs.texCoord = vTexCoord;
   inputs.ambientLight = uAmbientColor;
   inputs.color = isTexture
diff --git a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.vert b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.vert
index 49a10933fc..28f549c7b8 100644
--- a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.vert
+++ b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.vert
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ IN vec3 aPosition;
 IN vec3 aNormal;
 IN vec2 aTexCoord;
 IN vec4 aVertexColor;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+IN vec4 aTangent;
+#endif
 
 #ifdef AUGMENTED_HOOK_getWorldInputs
 uniform mat4 uModelMatrix;
@@ -26,6 +29,9 @@ OUT vec2 vTexCoord;
 OUT vec3 vViewPosition;
 OUT vec3 vAmbientColor;
 OUT vec4 vColor;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+OUT vec4 vTangent;
+#endif
 
 struct Vertex {
   vec3 position;
@@ -42,6 +48,11 @@ void main(void) {
   inputs.normal = aNormal;
   inputs.texCoord = aTexCoord;
   inputs.color = (uUseVertexColor && aVertexColor.x >= 0.0) ? aVertexColor : uMaterialColor;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  // transform the surface tangent alongside the normal so it ends up in the
+  // same space; handedness (w) is passed through for rebuilding the bitangent.
+  vec3 tangent = aTangent.xyz;
+#endif
 #ifdef AUGMENTED_HOOK_getObjectInputs
   inputs = HOOK_getObjectInputs(inputs);
 #endif
@@ -49,6 +60,9 @@ void main(void) {
 #ifdef AUGMENTED_HOOK_getWorldInputs
   inputs.position = (uModelMatrix * vec4(inputs.position, 1.)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = uModelNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  tangent = uModelNormalMatrix * tangent;
+#endif
   inputs = HOOK_getWorldInputs(inputs);
 #endif
 
@@ -56,10 +70,16 @@ void main(void) {
   // Already multiplied by the model matrix, just apply view
   inputs.position = (uViewMatrix * vec4(inputs.position, 1.)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = uCameraNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  tangent = uCameraNormalMatrix * tangent;
+#endif
 #else
   // Apply both at once
   inputs.position = (uModelViewMatrix * vec4(inputs.position, 1.)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = uNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  tangent = uNormalMatrix * tangent;
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef AUGMENTED_HOOK_getCameraInputs
   inputs = HOOK_getCameraInputs(inputs);
@@ -70,6 +90,9 @@ void main(void) {
   vTexCoord = inputs.texCoord;
   vNormal = inputs.normal;
   vColor = inputs.color;
+#ifdef USE_TEXTURE_MAPS
+  vTangent = vec4(tangent, aTangent.w);
+#endif
 
   gl_Position = uProjectionMatrix * vec4(inputs.position, 1.);
   HOOK_afterVertex();

From 8887a80528bbad8673b7a2bc3f36b77f0d3cfa9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 10:17:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] port normal mapping to webgpu with a per-flag shader
 variant

---
 src/webgpu/p5.RendererWebGPU.js | 18 ++++++++++-----
 src/webgpu/shaders/material.js  | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/webgpu/p5.RendererWebGPU.js b/src/webgpu/p5.RendererWebGPU.js
index acf096bd96..072ae2f34c 100644
--- a/src/webgpu/p5.RendererWebGPU.js
+++ b/src/webgpu/p5.RendererWebGPU.js
@@ -2663,12 +2663,18 @@ function rendererWebGPU(p5, fn) {
       this._postSubmitCallbacks.push(() => gpuTexture.destroy());
     }
 
-    _getLightShader() {
-      if (!this._defaultLightShader) {
-        this._defaultLightShader = new Shader(
+    // useTextureMaps selects a shader variant that carries the tangent attribute
+    // and normal-map sampling. plain lit materials get the variant without any of
+    // it (webgpu has no #ifdef, so the shader source is built per-flag).
+    _getLightShader(useTextureMaps = false) {
+      const cacheKey = useTextureMaps
+        ? '_defaultLightShaderWithMaps'
+        : '_defaultLightShader';
+      if (!this[cacheKey]) {
+        this[cacheKey] = new Shader(
           this,
-          materialVertexShader,
-          materialFragmentShader,
+          materialVertexShader({ useTextureMaps }),
+          materialFragmentShader({ useTextureMaps }),
           {
             vertex: {
               'void beforeVertex': '() {}',
@@ -2695,7 +2701,7 @@ function rendererWebGPU(p5, fn) {
           }
         );
       }
-      return this._defaultLightShader;
+      return this[cacheKey];
     }
 
     _getColorShader() {
diff --git a/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js b/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
index 751ec0ad3a..4949627f9a 100644
--- a/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
+++ b/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct MaterialUniforms {
   uSpecular: u32,
   uShininess: f32,
   uMetallic: f32,
+  uHasNormalMap: u32,
 }
 
 // Group 0: Lighting
@@ -59,12 +60,15 @@ struct CameraUniforms {
 }
 `;
 
-export const materialVertexShader = `
+// webgpu has no preprocessor, so the shaders are functions of a flag. with a
+// normal map we compile a variant that carries the tangent attribute + varying;
+// without one nothing extra is declared, matching the webgl #define variant.
+export const materialVertexShader = ({ useTextureMaps = false } = {}) => `
 struct VertexInput {
   @location(0) aPosition: vec3<f32>,
   @location(1) aNormal: vec3<f32>,
   @location(2) aTexCoord: vec2<f32>,
-  @location(3) aVertexColor: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(3) aVertexColor: vec4<f32>,${useTextureMaps ? '\n  @location(4) aTangent: vec4<f32>,' : ''}
 };
 
 struct VertexOutput {
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ struct VertexOutput {
   @location(0) vNormal: vec3<f32>,
   @location(1) vTexCoord: vec2<f32>,
   @location(2) vViewPosition: vec3<f32>,
-  @location(4) vColor: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(4) vColor: vec4<f32>,${useTextureMaps ? '\n  @location(5) vTangent: vec4<f32>,' : ''}
 };
 
 ${uniforms}
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ fn main(input: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
     input.aTexCoord,
     select(model.uMaterialColor, input.aVertexColor, useVertexColor)
   );
-
+${useTextureMaps ? '  var tangent = input.aTangent.xyz;\n' : ''}
 // @p5 ifdef Vertex getObjectInputs
   inputs = HOOK_getObjectInputs(inputs);
 // @p5 endif
@@ -108,19 +112,19 @@ fn main(input: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
 // @p5 ifdef Vertex getWorldInputs
   inputs.position = (model.uModelMatrix * vec4<f32>(inputs.position, 1.0)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = model.uModelNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
-  inputs = HOOK_getWorldInputs(inputs);
+${useTextureMaps ? '  tangent = model.uModelNormalMatrix * tangent;\n' : ''}  inputs = HOOK_getWorldInputs(inputs);
 // @p5 endif
 
 // @p5 ifdef Vertex getWorldInputs
   // Already multiplied by the model matrix, just apply view
   inputs.position = (camera.uViewMatrix * vec4<f32>(inputs.position, 1.0)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = camera.uCameraNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
-// @p5 endif
+${useTextureMaps ? '  tangent = camera.uCameraNormalMatrix * tangent;\n' : ''}// @p5 endif
 // @p5 ifndef Vertex getWorldInputs
   // Apply both at once
   inputs.position = (model.uModelViewMatrix * vec4<f32>(inputs.position, 1.0)).xyz;
   inputs.normal = model.uNormalMatrix * inputs.normal;
-// @p5 endif
+${useTextureMaps ? '  tangent = model.uNormalMatrix * tangent;\n' : ''}// @p5 endif
 
 // @p5 ifdef Vertex getCameraInputs
   inputs = HOOK_getCameraInputs(inputs);
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ fn main(input: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
   output.vTexCoord = inputs.texCoord;
   output.vNormal = normalize(inputs.normal);
   output.vColor = inputs.color;
-
+${useTextureMaps ? '  output.vTangent = vec4<f32>(tangent, input.aTangent.w);\n' : ''}
   output.Position = camera.uProjectionMatrix * vec4<f32>(inputs.position, 1.0);
 
   HOOK_afterVertex();
@@ -138,12 +142,12 @@ fn main(input: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
 }
 `;
 
-export const materialFragmentShader = `
+export const materialFragmentShader = ({ useTextureMaps = false } = {}) => `
 struct FragmentInput {
   @location(0) vNormal: vec3<f32>,
   @location(1) vTexCoord: vec2<f32>,
   @location(2) vViewPosition: vec3<f32>,
-  @location(4) vColor: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(4) vColor: vec4<f32>,${useTextureMaps ? '\n  @location(5) vTangent: vec4<f32>,' : ''}
 };
 
 ${uniforms}
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ ${uniforms}
 @group(0) @binding(5) var environmentMapDiffused_sampler: sampler;
 @group(0) @binding(6) var environmentMapSpecular: texture_2d<f32>;
 @group(0) @binding(7) var environmentMapSpecular_sampler: sampler;
-@group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> model: ModelUniforms;
+${useTextureMaps ? '@group(0) @binding(8) var uNormalSampler: texture_2d<f32>;\n@group(0) @binding(9) var uNormalSampler_sampler: sampler;\n' : ''}@group(1) @binding(0) var<uniform> model: ModelUniforms;
 @group(2) @binding(0) var<uniform> camera: CameraUniforms;
 
 struct ColorComponents {
@@ -384,8 +388,18 @@ fn main(input: FragmentInput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     textureSample(uSampler, uSampler_sampler, input.vTexCoord) * (material.uTint/255.0),
     material.isTexture == 1
   ); // TODO: check isTexture and apply tint
-  var inputs = Inputs(
-    normalize(input.vNormal),
+  var N = normalize(input.vNormal);
+${useTextureMaps ? `  if (material.uHasNormalMap == 1) {
+    // rebuild the tangent basis from the smooth per-vertex tangent (gram-schmidt
+    // keeps it perpendicular to the interpolated normal) and perturb by the map.
+    var T = normalize(input.vTangent.xyz);
+    T = normalize(T - N * dot(N, T));
+    let B = cross(N, T) * input.vTangent.w;
+    let mapN = textureSample(uNormalSampler, uNormalSampler_sampler, input.vTexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    N = normalize(mat3x3<f32>(T, B, N) * mapN);
+  }
+` : ''}  var inputs = Inputs(
+    N,
     input.vTexCoord,
     material.uAmbientColor,
     select(color.rgb, material.uAmbientMatColor.rgb, material.uHasSetAmbient == 1),

From 92559703906766dc10eb12fa43933b8d13adb471 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 10:17:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] test normal mapping across parse, load and lit renders in
 both renderers

---
 test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.mtl              |   11 +
 test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj              | 1382 +++++++++++++++++
 test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.mtl            |    6 +
 test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj            |   17 +
 test/unit/io/loadModel.js                     |   18 +
 test/unit/io/parseMtl.js                      |    6 +
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js               |   17 +
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js              |   18 +
 .../000.png                                   |  Bin 0 -> 2458 bytes
 .../metadata.json                             |    3 +
 .../000.png                                   |  Bin 0 -> 2459 bytes
 .../metadata.json                             |    3 +
 test/unit/webgl/p5.Geometry.js                |   50 +
 test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js            |    3 +-
 14 files changed, 1533 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.mtl
 create mode 100644 test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj
 create mode 100644 test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.mtl
 create mode 100644 test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json

diff --git a/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.mtl b/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.mtl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24f93d425e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.mtl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+newmtl m0
+Kd 0.8 0.8 0.8
+Ks 0.5 0.5 0.5
+Ns 60
+map_Bump spheremap.jpg
+
+newmtl m1
+Kd 0.8 0.8 0.8
+Ks 0.5 0.5 0.5
+Ns 60
+map_Bump spheremap.jpg
diff --git a/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj b/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71701f7fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj
@@ -0,0 +1,1382 @@
+mtllib bump_sphere.mtl
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+f 268/268/268 286/286/286 269/269/269
+f 269/269/269 286/286/286 287/287/287
+f 269/269/269 287/287/287 270/270/270
+f 270/270/270 287/287/287 288/288/288
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+f 271/271/271 289/289/289 272/272/272
diff --git a/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.mtl b/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.mtl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75391a4a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.mtl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+newmtl m0
+Kd 0.8 0.8 0.8
+map_Bump spheremap.jpg
+
+newmtl m1
+Kd 0.5 0.5 0.5
diff --git a/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj b/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..971557ca7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+mtllib normal_mapped.mtl
+v 0 0 0
+v 1 0 0
+v 0 1 0
+v 1 1 0
+vt 0 0
+vt 1 0
+vt 0 1
+vt 1 1
+vn 0 0 1
+vn 0 0 1
+vn 0 0 1
+vn 0 0 1
+usemtl m0
+f 1/1/1 2/2/2 3/3/3
+usemtl m1
+f 2/2/2 4/4/4 3/3/3
diff --git a/test/unit/io/loadModel.js b/test/unit/io/loadModel.js
index 0c2efa9cf7..f94bd68c15 100644
--- a/test/unit/io/loadModel.js
+++ b/test/unit/io/loadModel.js
@@ -116,6 +116,24 @@ suite('loadModel', function () {
     }
   });
 
+  test('a normal-mapped OBJ carries the normal map on its part', async function () {
+    const fakeImage = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+    mockP5Prototype.loadImage = async () => fakeImage;
+    try {
+      const model = await mockP5Prototype.loadModel(
+        '/test/unit/assets/normal_mapped.obj'
+      );
+      // two materials, so two parts
+      assert.equal(model.parts.length, 2);
+      // the part with the normal map carries it
+      const normalMapped = model.parts.find(p => p.partState.normalTexture);
+      assert.ok(normalMapped, 'a part has the normal map');
+      assert.equal(normalMapped.partState.normalTexture, fakeImage);
+    } finally {
+      delete mockP5Prototype.loadImage;
+    }
+  });
+
   test('a texture that fails to load is skipped without failing the model', async function () {
     mockP5Prototype.loadImage = async () => {
       throw new Error('Not Found');
diff --git a/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js b/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
index eef4fd9269..1a7dc30c17 100644
--- a/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
+++ b/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
@@ -105,4 +105,10 @@ suite('mtlToPartState', function () {
     // the map scales a base shininess, which defaults to 1
     expect(state.shininess).toEqual(1);
   });
+
+  test('a normal map lands on the part state', function () {
+    const img = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+    const state = mtlToPartState({ normalTexture: img });
+    expect(state.normalTexture).toBe(img);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
index ed2af5fdc6..8c80c17e9e 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
@@ -411,6 +411,23 @@ visualSuite('WebGL', function () {
         screenshot();
       }
     );
+    visualTest(
+      'a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light',
+      async function (p5, screenshot) {
+        p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGL);
+        // bump_sphere.obj is a 2-material sphere with a normal map on both halves,
+        // so under a light the whole surface shows bump detail (baked tangents)
+        const model = await new Promise(resolve =>
+          p5.loadModel('test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj', resolve)
+        );
+        p5.background(255);
+        p5.pointLight(255, 255, 255, 100, -100, 200);
+        p5.noStroke();
+        p5.scale(22);
+        p5.model(model);
+        screenshot();
+      }
+    );
   });
 
   visualSuite('vertexProperty', function () {
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
index 1e341bc9b3..1f430b2d11 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
@@ -2029,4 +2029,22 @@ visualSuite('WebGPU', function () {
       }
     );
   });
+
+  visualSuite('3D Materials', function () {
+    visualTest(
+      'a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light',
+      async function (p5, screenshot) {
+        await p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGPU);
+        // bump_sphere.obj carries a normal map on both halves, so the maps shader
+        // variant (tangent attribute + normal sampling) is exercised end to end
+        const model = await p5.loadModel('test/unit/assets/bump_sphere.obj');
+        p5.background(255);
+        p5.pointLight(255, 255, 255, 100, -100, 200);
+        p5.noStroke();
+        p5.scale(22);
+        p5.model(model);
+        await screenshot();
+      }
+    );
+  });
 });
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4bfe30da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "numScreenshots": 1
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/000.png
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HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4bfe30da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/a normal-mapped sphere shows surface detail under light/metadata.json	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "numScreenshots": 1
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/unit/webgl/p5.Geometry.js b/test/unit/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
index 44b492b859..b26b1a748b 100644
--- a/test/unit/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
+++ b/test/unit/webgl/p5.Geometry.js
@@ -15,6 +15,56 @@ suite('p5.Geometry', function () {
     myp5.remove();
   });
 
+  suite('computeTangents', function () {
+    test('a uv-mapped triangle gets a +u tangent with correct handedness',
+      function () {
+        const geom = new p5.Geometry();
+        // triangle in the xy plane, facing +z, uvs aligned to x (u) and y (v)
+        geom.vertices.push(
+          myp5.createVector(0, 0, 0),
+          myp5.createVector(1, 0, 0),
+          myp5.createVector(0, 1, 0)
+        );
+        geom.uvs.push(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1);
+        geom.vertexNormals.push(
+          myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1),
+          myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1),
+          myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1)
+        );
+        geom.faces.push([0, 1, 2]);
+
+        geom.computeTangents();
+
+        // 4 components per vertex (x, y, z, handedness)
+        expect(geom.vertexTangents.length).toEqual(12);
+        // tangent points along +u (the +x direction here), handedness +1
+        for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+          expect(geom.vertexTangents[i * 4]).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+          expect(geom.vertexTangents[i * 4 + 1]).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+          expect(geom.vertexTangents[i * 4 + 2]).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+          expect(geom.vertexTangents[i * 4 + 3]).toEqual(1);
+        }
+      }
+    );
+
+    test('no uvs means no tangents', function () {
+      const geom = new p5.Geometry();
+      geom.vertices.push(
+        myp5.createVector(0, 0, 0),
+        myp5.createVector(1, 0, 0),
+        myp5.createVector(0, 1, 0)
+      );
+      geom.vertexNormals.push(
+        myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1),
+        myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1),
+        myp5.createVector(0, 0, 1)
+      );
+      geom.faces.push([0, 1, 2]);
+      geom.computeTangents();
+      expect(geom.vertexTangents.length).toEqual(0);
+    });
+  });
+
   suite('generating edge geometry', function () {
     let geom;
 
diff --git a/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js b/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
index 9bb22354f7..e13e0a1e8e 100644
--- a/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
+++ b/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ suite('p5.GeometryPart', function () {
       texture: null,
       specularTexture: null,
       ambientTexture: null,
-      shininessTexture: null
+      shininessTexture: null,
+      normalTexture: null
     });
   });
 

From ca58d8388ac4ec6620deffec39fd04a034ae3754 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 14:16:12 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] add bump strength (-bm) and a bumpTexture() method for
 setting normal maps in code

---
 src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js      | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/webgl/loading.js           | 16 +++++++++++++---
 src/webgl/material.js          | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js   |  3 ++-
 src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag   |  3 +++
 src/webgpu/shaders/material.js |  5 ++++-
 6 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
index 21c261beab..8a6adfe8de 100644
--- a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
+++ b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     this.states._ambientTex = null;
     this.states._shininessTex = null;
     this.states._normalTex = null;
+    this.states._normalScale = 1;
     this.states.textureMode = constants.IMAGE;
     this.states.textureWrapX = constants.CLAMP;
     this.states.textureWrapY = constants.CLAMP;
@@ -651,6 +652,19 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     this._useVertexColor =
       geometry.vertexColors.length > 0 && !geometry.vertexColors.isDefault;
 
+    // a normal map needs per-vertex tangents. loaded models compute them at load,
+    // but geometry drawn with bumpTexture() (built shapes, immediate mode) won't
+    // have them, so build them on demand once (cached on the geometry).
+    if (
+      this.states._normalTex &&
+      geometry.computeTangents &&
+      (!geometry.vertexTangents || geometry.vertexTangents.length === 0) &&
+      geometry.uvs.length > 0 &&
+      geometry.vertexNormals.length > 0
+    ) {
+      geometry.computeTangents();
+    }
+
     const shader =
       !this._drawingFilter && this.states.userFillShader
         ? this.states.userFillShader
@@ -715,6 +729,9 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
     }
     if (partState.normalTexture) {
       this.states.setValue('_normalTex', partState.normalTexture);
+      if (partState.normalScale != null) {
+        this.states.setValue('_normalScale', partState.normalScale);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -1634,6 +1651,7 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
       // normal map (map_Bump): perturbs the surface normal in tangent space
       fillShader.setUniform('uHasNormalMap', !!this.states._normalTex);
       fillShader.setUniform('uNormalSampler', this.states._normalTex || empty);
+      fillShader.setUniform('uNormalScale', this.states._normalScale);
     }
     fillShader.setUniform(
       'uTint',
diff --git a/src/webgl/loading.js b/src/webgl/loading.js
index 0013b11446..d96d90997e 100755
--- a/src/webgl/loading.js
+++ b/src/webgl/loading.js
@@ -78,9 +78,15 @@ function parseMtlData(data) {
       //shininess texture
       materials[currentMaterial].shininessTexturePath = tokens[1];
     } else if (tokens[0] === 'map_Bump' || tokens[0] === 'bump') {
-      //bump map. -bm etc can precede the path so take the last token. parsed
-      //but not used until the renderer handles it.
+      //bump map. the path is the last token; a `-bm <value>` option can precede
+      //it to scale the bump strength (maps often use the full range for precision
+      //and get scaled down here).
       materials[currentMaterial].bumpTexturePath = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
+      const bmIndex = tokens.indexOf('-bm');
+      if (bmIndex !== -1 && tokens[bmIndex + 1] !== undefined) {
+        const bm = parseFloat(tokens[bmIndex + 1]);
+        if (!isNaN(bm)) materials[currentMaterial].bumpScale = bm;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -117,7 +123,11 @@ function mtlToPartState(material) {
     // the map scales the base shininess; default the base to 1 when no Ns
     if (state.shininess == null) state.shininess = 1;
   }
-  if (material.normalTexture) state.normalTexture = material.normalTexture;
+  if (material.normalTexture) {
+    state.normalTexture = material.normalTexture;
+    // a -bm multiplier scales the bump strength; defaults to 1 when omitted
+    if (material.bumpScale != null) state.normalScale = material.bumpScale;
+  }
   return state;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/webgl/material.js b/src/webgl/material.js
index 5c9f5e8809..26cf2feec9 100644
--- a/src/webgl/material.js
+++ b/src/webgl/material.js
@@ -2566,6 +2566,29 @@ function material(p5, fn) {
     return this;
   };
 
+  /**
+   * Sets a normal (bump) map to add surface detail to shapes under lighting.
+   *
+   * `bumpTexture()` works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a>, but for a
+   * tangent-space normal map. Call it before drawing a shape and its surface
+   * normals get perturbed by the map, so lights react to bumps that aren't
+   * actually in the geometry. Pass an optional `scale` to tune the bump strength.
+   *
+   * Call `bumpTexture(null)` to turn it off, or scope it between
+   * <a href="#/p5/push">push()</a> and <a href="#/p5/pop">pop()</a>.
+   *
+   * @method bumpTexture
+   * @param {p5.Image|p5.MediaElement|p5.Graphics|p5.Texture|p5.Framebuffer|p5.FramebufferTexture} tex normal map, or `null` to clear it.
+   * @param {Number} [scale] bump strength multiplier. Defaults to 1.
+   * @chainable
+   */
+  fn.bumpTexture = function (tex, scale) {
+    this._assert3d('bumpTexture');
+    this._renderer.bumpTexture(tex || null, scale);
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
   /**
    * Changes the coordinate system used for textures when they’re applied to
    * custom shapes.
@@ -3819,6 +3842,13 @@ function material(p5, fn) {
     this.states.setValue('fillColor', new Color([1, 1, 1]));
   };
 
+  Renderer3D.prototype.bumpTexture = function (tex, scale = 1) {
+    // null clears the map (back to the plain shader variant); a value sets the
+    // normal map + its strength. push()/pop() scopes it like any other state.
+    this.states.setValue('_normalTex', tex || null);
+    this.states.setValue('_normalScale', tex ? scale : 1);
+  };
+
   Renderer3D.prototype.normalMaterial = function (...args) {
     this.states.setValue('drawMode', constants.FILL);
     this.states.setValue('_useSpecularMaterial', false);
diff --git a/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js b/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
index b10209cbdf..53079e43b1 100644
--- a/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
+++ b/src/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ function createPartState() {
     specularTexture: null, // map_Ks -> p5.Image | null
     ambientTexture: null, // map_Ka -> p5.Image | null
     shininessTexture: null, // map_Ns -> p5.Image | null
-    normalTexture: null // map_Bump -> p5.Image | null
+    normalTexture: null, // map_Bump -> p5.Image | null
+    normalScale: 1 // map_Bump -bm -> bump strength multiplier
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
index 9bb6e8b0b8..b58221ba11 100644
--- a/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
+++ b/src/webgl/shaders/phong.frag
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ uniform sampler2D uShininessSampler;
 uniform bool uHasShininessTex;
 uniform sampler2D uNormalSampler;
 uniform bool uHasNormalMap;
+uniform float uNormalScale;
 #endif
 
 IN vec3 vNormal;
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ void main(void) {
     T = normalize(T - N * dot(N, T));
     vec3 B = cross(N, T) * vTangent.w;
     vec3 mapN = TEXTURE(uNormalSampler, vTexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    // scale the tangent-space slope so the bump strength can be tuned (-bm)
+    mapN.xy *= uNormalScale;
     N = normalize(mat3(T, B, N) * mapN);
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js b/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
index 4949627f9a..9df038a87f 100644
--- a/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
+++ b/src/webgpu/shaders/material.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ struct MaterialUniforms {
   uShininess: f32,
   uMetallic: f32,
   uHasNormalMap: u32,
+  uNormalScale: f32,
 }
 
 // Group 0: Lighting
@@ -395,7 +396,9 @@ ${useTextureMaps ? `  if (material.uHasNormalMap == 1) {
     var T = normalize(input.vTangent.xyz);
     T = normalize(T - N * dot(N, T));
     let B = cross(N, T) * input.vTangent.w;
-    let mapN = textureSample(uNormalSampler, uNormalSampler_sampler, input.vTexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    var mapN = textureSample(uNormalSampler, uNormalSampler_sampler, input.vTexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    // scale the tangent-space slope so the bump strength can be tuned (-bm)
+    mapN = vec3<f32>(mapN.xy * material.uNormalScale, mapN.z);
     N = normalize(mat3x3<f32>(T, B, N) * mapN);
   }
 ` : ''}  var inputs = Inputs(

From 92bcd6d6b2be9e752802ff59150c910bfeed2339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 14:16:12 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] test bump strength parsing and bumpTexture on a built
 shape

---
 test/unit/io/parseMtl.js                      |  15 +++++++++
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js               |  31 ++++++++++++++++++
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js              |  28 ++++++++++++++++
 .../000.png                                   | Bin 0 -> 2625 bytes
 .../metadata.json                             |   3 ++
 .../000.png                                   | Bin 0 -> 2616 bytes
 .../metadata.json                             |   3 ++
 test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js            |   3 +-
 8 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
 create mode 100644 test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json

diff --git a/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js b/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
index 1a7dc30c17..2d1144a39e 100644
--- a/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
+++ b/test/unit/io/parseMtl.js
@@ -32,6 +32,21 @@ suite('parseMtlData', function () {
     expect(m.shininessTexturePath).toEqual('shininess.png');
     // bump options like -bm precede the path, so the path is the last token.
     expect(m.bumpTexturePath).toEqual('bump.png');
+    // and the -bm value is parsed as the bump strength multiplier
+    expect(m.bumpScale).toEqual(0.5);
+  });
+
+  test('a normal map carries its -bm strength onto the part state', function () {
+    const img = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+    const state = mtlToPartState({ normalTexture: img, bumpScale: 2.5 });
+    expect(state.normalTexture).toBe(img);
+    expect(state.normalScale).toEqual(2.5);
+  });
+
+  test('a normal map with no -bm defaults the strength to 1', function () {
+    const img = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+    const state = mtlToPartState({ normalTexture: img });
+    expect(state.normalScale).toEqual(1);
   });
 
   test('Tr is read as the inverse of d', function () {
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
index 8c80c17e9e..85f9f82a44 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
@@ -428,6 +428,37 @@ visualSuite('WebGL', function () {
         screenshot();
       }
     );
+
+    visualTest(
+      'bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
+      function (p5, screenshot) {
+        p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGL);
+        // a procedural tangent-space normal map with diagonal ridges
+        const nmap = p5.createImage(32, 32);
+        nmap.loadPixels();
+        for (let y = 0; y < nmap.height; y++) {
+          for (let x = 0; x < nmap.width; x++) {
+            const s = Math.sin(((x + y) / nmap.width) * Math.PI * 6) * 0.8;
+            const nx = s, ny = s, nz = 1;
+            const inv = 1 / Math.sqrt(nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz);
+            const off = (x + y * nmap.width) * 4;
+            nmap.pixels[off] = (nx * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 1] = (ny * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 2] = (nz * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 3] = 255;
+          }
+        }
+        nmap.updatePixels();
+        p5.background(255);
+        p5.pointLight(255, 255, 255, 50, -50, 200);
+        p5.noStroke();
+        p5.fill(200);
+        // tangents are built on demand for a shape that has none of its own
+        p5.bumpTexture(nmap);
+        p5.sphere(20);
+        screenshot();
+      }
+    );
   });
 
   visualSuite('vertexProperty', function () {
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
index 1f430b2d11..c385438999 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
@@ -2046,5 +2046,33 @@ visualSuite('WebGPU', function () {
         await screenshot();
       }
     );
+
+    visualTest(
+      'bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
+      async function (p5, screenshot) {
+        await p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGPU);
+        const nmap = p5.createImage(32, 32);
+        nmap.loadPixels();
+        for (let y = 0; y < nmap.height; y++) {
+          for (let x = 0; x < nmap.width; x++) {
+            const s = Math.sin(((x + y) / nmap.width) * Math.PI * 6) * 0.8;
+            const inv = 1 / Math.sqrt(s * s + s * s + 1);
+            const off = (x + y * nmap.width) * 4;
+            nmap.pixels[off] = (s * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 1] = (s * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 2] = (inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+            nmap.pixels[off + 3] = 255;
+          }
+        }
+        nmap.updatePixels();
+        p5.background(255);
+        p5.pointLight(255, 255, 255, 50, -50, 200);
+        p5.noStroke();
+        p5.fill(200);
+        p5.bumpTexture(nmap);
+        p5.sphere(20);
+        await screenshot();
+      }
+    );
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
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diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4bfe30da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "numScreenshots": 1
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4bfe30da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "numScreenshots": 1
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js b/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
index e13e0a1e8e..c7fbe074df 100644
--- a/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
+++ b/test/unit/webgl/p5.GeometryPart.js
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ suite('p5.GeometryPart', function () {
       specularTexture: null,
       ambientTexture: null,
       shininessTexture: null,
-      normalTexture: null
+      normalTexture: null,
+      normalScale: 1
     });
   });
 

From 1330418354931756a5481f87e5a3258a0bcbe940 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 12:47:58 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] rename bumpTexture to normalTexture and add
 specular/ambient/shininess map setters

---
 src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js                     |   2 +-
 src/webgl/material.js                         | 135 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../000.png                                   | Bin
 .../metadata.json                             |   0
 .../000.png                                   | Bin
 .../metadata.json                             |   0
 6 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
 rename test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/{bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape => normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape}/000.png (100%)
 rename test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/{bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape => normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape}/metadata.json (100%)
 rename test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/{bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape => normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape}/000.png (100%)
 rename test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/{bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape => normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape}/metadata.json (100%)

diff --git a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
index 8a6adfe8de..57fb3f55e3 100644
--- a/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
+++ b/src/core/p5.Renderer3D.js
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ export class Renderer3D extends Renderer {
       geometry.vertexColors.length > 0 && !geometry.vertexColors.isDefault;
 
     // a normal map needs per-vertex tangents. loaded models compute them at load,
-    // but geometry drawn with bumpTexture() (built shapes, immediate mode) won't
+    // but geometry drawn with normalTexture() (built shapes, immediate mode) won't
     // have them, so build them on demand once (cached on the geometry).
     if (
       this.states._normalTex &&
diff --git a/src/webgl/material.js b/src/webgl/material.js
index 26cf2feec9..c130ecca90 100644
--- a/src/webgl/material.js
+++ b/src/webgl/material.js
@@ -2567,24 +2567,119 @@ function material(p5, fn) {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Sets a normal (bump) map to add surface detail to shapes under lighting.
+   * Sets a normal map to add surface detail to shapes under lighting.
    *
-   * `bumpTexture()` works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a>, but for a
-   * tangent-space normal map. Call it before drawing a shape and its surface
-   * normals get perturbed by the map, so lights react to bumps that aren't
-   * actually in the geometry. Pass an optional `scale` to tune the bump strength.
+   * `normalTexture()` works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a>, but for a
+   * tangent-space normal map: an image whose red, green, and blue channels
+   * encode the direction of the surface normal (not brightness). Call it before
+   * drawing a shape and its surface normals get perturbed by the map, so lights
+   * react to detail that isn't actually in the geometry. This is the same kind
+   * of map glTF models use. Pass an optional `scale` to tune the strength.
    *
-   * Call `bumpTexture(null)` to turn it off, or scope it between
+   * Call `normalTexture(null)` to turn it off, or scope it between
    * <a href="#/p5/push">push()</a> and <a href="#/p5/pop">pop()</a>.
    *
-   * @method bumpTexture
+   * @method normalTexture
    * @param {p5.Image|p5.MediaElement|p5.Graphics|p5.Texture|p5.Framebuffer|p5.FramebufferTexture} tex normal map, or `null` to clear it.
-   * @param {Number} [scale] bump strength multiplier. Defaults to 1.
+   * @param {Number} [scale=1] strength multiplier for the surface detail.
+   * @chainable
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <div>
+   * <code>
+   * let normalMap;
+   *
+   * function setup() {
+   *   createCanvas(100, 100, WEBGL);
+   *
+   *   // build a small tangent-space normal map with diagonal ridges
+   *   normalMap = createImage(32, 32);
+   *   normalMap.loadPixels();
+   *   for (let y = 0; y < normalMap.height; y += 1) {
+   *     for (let x = 0; x < normalMap.width; x += 1) {
+   *       let s = sin(((x + y) / normalMap.width) * TWO_PI * 3) * 0.8;
+   *       let inv = 1 / sqrt(s * s + s * s + 1);
+   *       let i = (x + y * normalMap.width) * 4;
+   *       normalMap.pixels[i] = (s * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+   *       normalMap.pixels[i + 1] = (s * inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+   *       normalMap.pixels[i + 2] = (inv * 0.5 + 0.5) * 255;
+   *       normalMap.pixels[i + 3] = 255;
+   *     }
+   *   }
+   *   normalMap.updatePixels();
+   *
+   *   describe('A sphere lit from the left, its surface covered in ridges from a normal map.');
+   * }
+   *
+   * function draw() {
+   *   background(0);
+   *   pointLight(255, 255, 255, -50, -50, 100);
+   *   noStroke();
+   *   fill(200);
+   *   normalTexture(normalMap);
+   *   sphere(40);
+   * }
+   * </code>
+   * </div>
+   */
+  fn.normalTexture = function (tex, scale) {
+    this._assert3d('normalTexture');
+    this._renderer.normalTexture(tex || null, scale);
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a specular map to vary the specular highlight across a shape's surface.
+   *
+   * Works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a> but for the specular colour,
+   * modulating <a href="#/p5/specularMaterial">specularMaterial()</a> per pixel.
+   * Call `specularTexture(null)` to clear it, or scope it with push()/pop().
+   *
+   * @method specularTexture
+   * @param {p5.Image|p5.MediaElement|p5.Graphics|p5.Texture|p5.Framebuffer|p5.FramebufferTexture} tex specular map, or `null` to clear it.
    * @chainable
    */
-  fn.bumpTexture = function (tex, scale) {
-    this._assert3d('bumpTexture');
-    this._renderer.bumpTexture(tex || null, scale);
+  fn.specularTexture = function (tex) {
+    this._assert3d('specularTexture');
+    this._renderer.specularTexture(tex || null);
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Sets an ambient map to vary the ambient colour across a shape's surface.
+   *
+   * Works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a> but for the ambient colour,
+   * modulating <a href="#/p5/ambientMaterial">ambientMaterial()</a> per pixel.
+   * Call `ambientTexture(null)` to clear it, or scope it with push()/pop().
+   *
+   * @method ambientTexture
+   * @param {p5.Image|p5.MediaElement|p5.Graphics|p5.Texture|p5.Framebuffer|p5.FramebufferTexture} tex ambient map, or `null` to clear it.
+   * @chainable
+   */
+  fn.ambientTexture = function (tex) {
+    this._assert3d('ambientTexture');
+    this._renderer.ambientTexture(tex || null);
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a shininess map to vary the shininess across a shape's surface.
+   *
+   * Works like <a href="#/p5/texture">texture()</a> but for shininess: the map's
+   * red channel scales the base <a href="#/p5/shininess">shininess()</a> value
+   * per pixel. Call `shininessTexture(null)` to clear it, or scope it with
+   * push()/pop().
+   *
+   * @method shininessTexture
+   * @param {p5.Image|p5.MediaElement|p5.Graphics|p5.Texture|p5.Framebuffer|p5.FramebufferTexture} tex shininess map, or `null` to clear it.
+   * @chainable
+   */
+  fn.shininessTexture = function (tex) {
+    this._assert3d('shininessTexture');
+    this._renderer.shininessTexture(tex || null);
 
     return this;
   };
@@ -3842,13 +3937,29 @@ function material(p5, fn) {
     this.states.setValue('fillColor', new Color([1, 1, 1]));
   };
 
-  Renderer3D.prototype.bumpTexture = function (tex, scale = 1) {
+  Renderer3D.prototype.normalTexture = function (tex, scale = 1) {
     // null clears the map (back to the plain shader variant); a value sets the
     // normal map + its strength. push()/pop() scopes it like any other state.
     this.states.setValue('_normalTex', tex || null);
     this.states.setValue('_normalScale', tex ? scale : 1);
   };
 
+  // the remaining map setters mirror _applyPartState: setting a map also turns
+  // on the material term it modulates, so the map has something to affect.
+  Renderer3D.prototype.specularTexture = function (tex) {
+    this.states.setValue('_specularTex', tex || null);
+    if (tex) this.states.setValue('_useSpecularMaterial', true);
+  };
+
+  Renderer3D.prototype.ambientTexture = function (tex) {
+    this.states.setValue('_ambientTex', tex || null);
+    if (tex) this.states.setValue('_hasSetAmbient', true);
+  };
+
+  Renderer3D.prototype.shininessTexture = function (tex) {
+    this.states.setValue('_shininessTex', tex || null);
+  };
+
   Renderer3D.prototype.normalMaterial = function (...args) {
     this.states.setValue('drawMode', constants.FILL);
     this.states.setValue('_useSpecularMaterial', false);
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
similarity index 100%
rename from test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
rename to test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
similarity index 100%
rename from test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
rename to test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGL/3DModel/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
similarity index 100%
rename from test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
rename to test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/000.png
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json b/test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
similarity index 100%
rename from test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json
rename to test/unit/visual/screenshots/WebGPU/3D Materials/normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape/metadata.json

From fce1a828df8cd9ebd59bc4121ee3a7d50b87d9b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 12:47:58 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] test the material map setters and re-point the visual
 test

---
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js  |  4 +--
 test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js |  4 +--
 test/unit/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
index 419c225795..76896c3a56 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgl.js
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ visualSuite('WebGL', function () {
     );
 
     visualTest(
-      'bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
+      'normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
       function (p5, screenshot) {
         p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGL);
         // a procedural tangent-space normal map with diagonal ridges
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ visualSuite('WebGL', function () {
         p5.noStroke();
         p5.fill(200);
         // tangents are built on demand for a shape that has none of its own
-        p5.bumpTexture(nmap);
+        p5.normalTexture(nmap);
         p5.sphere(20);
         screenshot();
       }
diff --git a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
index c385438999..d81d51ca7a 100644
--- a/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
+++ b/test/unit/visual/cases/webgpu.js
@@ -2048,7 +2048,7 @@ visualSuite('WebGPU', function () {
     );
 
     visualTest(
-      'bumpTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
+      'normalTexture() adds surface detail to a built shape',
       async function (p5, screenshot) {
         await p5.createCanvas(50, 50, p5.WEBGPU);
         const nmap = p5.createImage(32, 32);
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ visualSuite('WebGPU', function () {
         p5.pointLight(255, 255, 255, 50, -50, 200);
         p5.noStroke();
         p5.fill(200);
-        p5.bumpTexture(nmap);
+        p5.normalTexture(nmap);
         p5.sphere(20);
         await screenshot();
       }
diff --git a/test/unit/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js b/test/unit/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
index c0a9ed3846..e0616b4adb 100644
--- a/test/unit/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
+++ b/test/unit/webgl/p5.RendererGL.js
@@ -3242,4 +3242,48 @@ void main() {
       expect(widthAfterPop).toBeLessThan(widthAt20);
     });
   });
+
+  suite('material map setters', function () {
+    const img = { width: 1, height: 1 };
+
+    test('normalTexture() sets the normal map + strength and null clears it',
+      function () {
+        myp5.createCanvas(50, 50, myp5.WEBGL);
+        myp5.normalTexture(img, 2);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._normalTex).toBe(img);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._normalScale).toEqual(2);
+        myp5.normalTexture(null);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._normalTex).toBeNull();
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._normalScale).toEqual(1);
+      }
+    );
+
+    test('specularTexture() sets the map and turns on the specular term',
+      function () {
+        myp5.createCanvas(50, 50, myp5.WEBGL);
+        myp5.specularTexture(img);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._specularTex).toBe(img);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._useSpecularMaterial).toBe(true);
+        myp5.specularTexture(null);
+        expect(myp5._renderer.states._specularTex).toBeNull();
+      }
+    );
+
+    test('ambientTexture() sets the map and marks ambient as set', function () {
+      myp5.createCanvas(50, 50, myp5.WEBGL);
+      myp5.ambientTexture(img);
+      expect(myp5._renderer.states._ambientTex).toBe(img);
+      expect(myp5._renderer.states._hasSetAmbient).toBe(true);
+      myp5.ambientTexture(null);
+      expect(myp5._renderer.states._ambientTex).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    test('shininessTexture() sets and clears the map', function () {
+      myp5.createCanvas(50, 50, myp5.WEBGL);
+      myp5.shininessTexture(img);
+      expect(myp5._renderer.states._shininessTex).toBe(img);
+      myp5.shininessTexture(null);
+      expect(myp5._renderer.states._shininessTex).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
 });

From 4342ebf8c94c4ae9211e8abe54dbc4cfecdafc47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nityam <nixxspeaks@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 13:01:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] rerun ci