diff --git a/src/code/PublishHelper.cs b/src/code/PublishHelper.cs
index abdced37b..9607644c4 100644
--- a/src/code/PublishHelper.cs
+++ b/src/code/PublishHelper.cs
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ private Hashtable ParseRequiredModules(Hashtable parsedMetadataHash)
             //  c. A string array of module names
             //  d. A single string module name
 
-            var dependenciesHash = new Hashtable();
+            var dependenciesHash = new Hashtable(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             foreach (var reqModule in requiredModules)
             {
                 if (LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<Hashtable>(reqModule, out Hashtable moduleHash))
@@ -1228,21 +1228,135 @@ private Hashtable ParseRequiredModules(Hashtable parsedMetadataHash)
                 }
             }
 
-            var externalModuleDeps = parsedMetadataHash.ContainsKey("ExternalModuleDependencies") ?
-                        parsedMetadataHash["ExternalModuleDependencies"] : null;
+            var externalModuleNames = GetExternalModuleDependencies(parsedMetadataHash);
+            foreach (var extModName in externalModuleNames)
+            {
+                if (dependenciesHash.ContainsKey(extModName))
+                {
+                    dependenciesHash.Remove(extModName);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return dependenciesHash;
+        }
+
+        private static string[] GetExternalModuleDependencies(Hashtable parsedMetadataHash)
+        {
+            if (parsedMetadataHash == null)
+            {
+                return Array.Empty<string>();
+            }
+
+            var externalModules = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            AddExternalModuleDependencies(parsedMetadataHash, externalModules);
+
+            if (TryGetHashtableValue(parsedMetadataHash, "PrivateData", out Hashtable privateData) &&
+                TryGetHashtableValue(privateData, "PSData", out Hashtable psData))
+            {
+                AddExternalModuleDependencies(psData, externalModules);
+            }
+
+            return externalModules.ToArray();
+        }
 
-            if (externalModuleDeps != null && LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<string[]>(externalModuleDeps, out string[] externalModuleNames))
+        private static void AddExternalModuleDependencies(Hashtable container, HashSet<string> externalModules)
+        {
+            if (container == null || externalModules == null ||
+                !TryGetValue(container, "ExternalModuleDependencies", out object externalModuleDeps))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (externalModuleDeps == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<string[]>(externalModuleDeps, out string[] externalModuleNames) && externalModuleNames != null)
             {
-                foreach (var extModName in externalModuleNames)
+                foreach (var name in externalModuleNames)
                 {
-                    if (dependenciesHash.ContainsKey(extModName))
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
                     {
-                        dependenciesHash.Remove(extModName);
+                        externalModules.Add(name.Trim());
                     }
                 }
+
+                return;
             }
 
-            return dependenciesHash;
+            if (LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<string>(externalModuleDeps, out string externalModuleName) &&
+                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(externalModuleName))
+            {
+                externalModules.Add(externalModuleName.Trim());
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryGetHashtableValue(Hashtable source, string key, out Hashtable value)
+        {
+            value = null;
+            if (!TryGetValue(source, key, out object rawValue) || rawValue == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (rawValue is PSObject psObject && psObject.BaseObject != null)
+            {
+                rawValue = psObject.BaseObject;
+            }
+
+            if (rawValue is Hashtable hashtable)
+            {
+                value = hashtable;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (rawValue is IDictionary dictionary)
+            {
+                var converted = new Hashtable(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in dictionary)
+                {
+                    converted[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                }
+
+                value = converted;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (LanguagePrimitives.TryConvertTo<Hashtable>(rawValue, out Hashtable parsed) && parsed != null)
+            {
+                value = parsed;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryGetValue(Hashtable source, string key, out object value)
+        {
+            value = null;
+            if (source == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (source.ContainsKey(key))
+            {
+                value = source[key];
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in source)
+            {
+                if (entry.Key is string entryKey &&
+                    string.Equals(entryKey, key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    value = entry.Value;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
         }
 
         private bool CheckDependenciesExist(Hashtable dependencies, string repositoryName, NetworkCredential networkCredential)
diff --git a/test/PublishPSResourceTests/PublishPSResource.Tests.ps1 b/test/PublishPSResourceTests/PublishPSResource.Tests.ps1
index ed0adf1b8..97f5ceef1 100644
--- a/test/PublishPSResourceTests/PublishPSResource.Tests.ps1
+++ b/test/PublishPSResourceTests/PublishPSResource.Tests.ps1
@@ -311,6 +311,41 @@ Describe "Test Publish-PSResource" -tags 'CI' {
         {Publish-PSResource -Path $script:PublishModuleBase -ErrorAction Stop} | Should -Throw -ErrorId "DependencyNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet.Cmdlets.PublishPSResource"
     }
 
+    It "Publish a module with ExternalModuleDependencies that are not published" {
+        $version = "1.0.0"
+        $externalModuleName = "PackageManagement"
+        $manifestPath = Join-Path -Path $script:PublishModuleBase -ChildPath "$script:PublishModuleName.psd1"
+        $moduleFilePath = Join-Path -Path $script:PublishModuleBase -ChildPath "$script:PublishModuleName.psm1"
+
+        @'
+function Test-PublishedFunction {
+    Write-Output "OK"
+}
+'@ | Out-File -FilePath $moduleFilePath
+
+        @"
+@{
+    RootModule = '$script:PublishModuleName.psm1'
+    ModuleVersion = '$version'
+    Author = 'None'
+    Description = '$script:PublishModuleName module'
+    GUID = '6f703037-3e95-4dcf-b06c-916f2867cce7'
+    FunctionsToExport = @('Test-PublishedFunction')
+    RequiredModules = @('$externalModuleName')
+    PrivateData = @{
+        PSData = @{
+            ExternalModuleDependencies = @('$externalModuleName')
+        }
+    }
+}
+"@ | Out-File -FilePath $manifestPath
+
+        Publish-PSResource -Path $script:PublishModuleBase -Repository $testRepository2
+
+        $expectedPath = Join-Path -Path $script:repositoryPath2 -ChildPath "$script:PublishModuleName.$version.nupkg"
+        (Get-ChildItem $script:repositoryPath2).FullName | Should -Be $expectedPath
+    }
+
     It "Publish a module with -SkipDependenciesCheck" {
         $version = "1.0.0"
         $dependencyVersion = "2.0.0"