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| 1 | +:sectnums: |
| 2 | +:sectnumlevels: 5 |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | += Apache AGE |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +== 概述 |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +Apache AGE 是一个 PostgreSQL 扩展,为关系型数据库提供图数据库处理能力。AGE 代表 *Adaptive Graph Engine*(自适应图引擎),它将图数据库的功能引入 PostgreSQL,允许用户在同一数据库中同时使用关系模型和图模型。 |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +Apache AGE 是 Apache 软件基金会的顶级项目,完全兼容 openCypher 查询语言(Neo4j 使用的图查询语言)。 |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +*核心特性:* |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +[cols="1,2"] |
| 15 | +|=== |
| 16 | +| 特性 | 描述 |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +| openCypher 支持 |
| 19 | +| 完整支持 openCypher 查询语言,行业标准的图查询语言 |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +| 混合数据库 |
| 22 | +| 在同一数据库中同时使用关系型和图数据模型 |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +| ACID 事务 |
| 25 | +| 继承 PostgreSQL 的完整 ACID 事务支持 |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +| SQL 集成 |
| 28 | +| 可将 Cypher 图查询与 SQL 查询无缝集成 |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +| 属性图模型 |
| 31 | +| 支持带有属性的顶点和边的属性图模型 |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +| 图遍历 |
| 34 | +| 高效的图遍历和模式匹配能力 |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +| 免费开源 |
| 37 | +| Apache 2.0 许可证,完全开源 |
| 38 | +|=== |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +== 应用场景 |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +* 社交网络分析(好友关系、关注关系、影响力分析) |
| 43 | +* 知识图谱构建与推理 |
| 44 | +* 欺诈检测(金融交易网络分析) |
| 45 | +* 推荐系统(基于关系链的推荐) |
| 46 | +* 网络与 IT 基础设施管理 |
| 47 | +* 路径规划与物流优化 |
| 48 | +* 访问控制与权限管理 |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +== 安装 |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +[TIP] |
| 53 | +源码测试安装环境为 Ubuntu 24.04。 |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +=== 依赖 |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +[literal] |
| 58 | +---- |
| 59 | +# Ubuntu / Debian |
| 60 | +sudo apt install build-essential libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libssl-dev libxml2-utils xsltproc ccache libssl-dev pkg-config |
| 61 | +
|
| 62 | +# 安装 AGE 依赖 |
| 63 | +sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-dev |
| 64 | +pip3 install antlr4-runtime4 |
| 65 | +---- |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +=== 从源码安装 |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +[literal] |
| 70 | +---- |
| 71 | +# 下载 Apache AGE 1.7.0 源码包 |
| 72 | +wget https://github.com/apache/age/releases/download/PG18%2Fv1.7.0-rc0/apache-age-1.7.0-src.tar.gz |
| 73 | +
|
| 74 | +# 解压 |
| 75 | +tar -xzf apache-age-1.7.0-src.tar.gz |
| 76 | +cd apache-age-1.7.0-src |
| 77 | +
|
| 78 | +# 编译安装 |
| 79 | +make install |
| 80 | +
|
| 81 | +# 或指定 IvorySQL 安装路径 |
| 82 | +make install PG_CONFIG=/usr/ivory-5/bin/pg_config |
| 83 | +---- |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +=== 验证安装 |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +[literal] |
| 88 | +---- |
| 89 | +# 检查 AGE 扩展 |
| 90 | +ls /usr/ivory-5/lib/age--*.so |
| 91 | +---- |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +== 配置 |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +=== 修改 IvorySQL 配置 |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +编辑 `postgresql.conf` 或 `ivorysql.conf`: |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +[literal] |
| 100 | +---- |
| 101 | +# 预加载 AGE 扩展(推荐) |
| 102 | +shared_preload_libraries = 'age' |
| 103 | +
|
| 104 | +# 或者在数据库级别加载(不需要重启) |
| 105 | +# shared_preload_libraries = '' |
| 106 | +---- |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +[literal] |
| 109 | +---- |
| 110 | +# 重启 IvorySQL 使配置生效 |
| 111 | +# 使用 systemd |
| 112 | +sudo systemctl restart ivorysql-5 |
| 113 | +
|
| 114 | +# 或手动重启 |
| 115 | +pg_ctl restart -D /usr/ivory-5/data |
| 116 | +---- |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +=== 创建扩展 |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +连接到 IvorySQL 并创建 AGE 扩展: |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +[literal] |
| 123 | +---- |
| 124 | +# 连接到数据库 |
| 125 | +psql -U postgres -d postgres |
| 126 | +
|
| 127 | +# 创建 AGE 扩展 |
| 128 | +CREATE EXTENSION age; |
| 129 | +
|
| 130 | +# 验证安装 |
| 131 | +SELECT * FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = 'age'; |
| 132 | +---- |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | +== 使用 |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +=== 创建图数据库 |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +[literal] |
| 139 | +---- |
| 140 | +-- 加载 AGE 语言 |
| 141 | +LOAD 'age'; |
| 142 | +
|
| 143 | +-- 加载 Cypher 函数 |
| 144 | +SET search_path = ag_catalog, "$user", public; |
| 145 | +
|
| 146 | +-- 创建图(graph) |
| 147 | +SELECT create_graph('graph_name'); |
| 148 | +---- |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +=== 创建顶点 |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +创建带标签和属性的单个顶点: |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | +[literal] |
| 155 | +---- |
| 156 | +SELECT * |
| 157 | +FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 158 | + CREATE (:label {property:"Node A"}) |
| 159 | +$$) as (v agtype); |
| 160 | +---- |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +[literal] |
| 163 | +---- |
| 164 | +SELECT * |
| 165 | +FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 166 | + CREATE (:label {property:"Node B"}) |
| 167 | +$$) as (v agtype); |
| 168 | +---- |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +=== 创建边 |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +在两个节点之间创建边并设置属性: |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +[literal] |
| 175 | +---- |
| 176 | +SELECT * |
| 177 | +FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 178 | + MATCH (a:label), (b:label) |
| 179 | + WHERE a.property = 'Node A' AND b.property = 'Node B' |
| 180 | + CREATE (a)-[e:RELTYPE {property:a.property + '<->' + b.property}]->(b) |
| 181 | + RETURN e |
| 182 | +$$) as (e agtype); |
| 183 | +---- |
| 184 | + |
| 185 | +=== 查询图数据 |
| 186 | + |
| 187 | +查询连接的节点: |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | +[literal] |
| 190 | +---- |
| 191 | +SELECT * from cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 192 | + MATCH (V)-[R]-(V2) |
| 193 | + RETURN V,R,V2 |
| 194 | +$$) as (V agtype, R agtype, V2 agtype); |
| 195 | +---- |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +=== 基本查询示例 |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +[literal] |
| 200 | +---- |
| 201 | +-- 查询所有节点 |
| 202 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 203 | + MATCH (V) |
| 204 | + RETURN V |
| 205 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 206 | +
|
| 207 | +-- 查询特定标签的节点 |
| 208 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 209 | + MATCH (V:label) |
| 210 | + RETURN V |
| 211 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 212 | +
|
| 213 | +-- 查询特定属性的节点 |
| 214 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 215 | + MATCH (V:label {property: "Node A"}) |
| 216 | + RETURN V |
| 217 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 218 | +
|
| 219 | +-- 查询所有边 |
| 220 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 221 | + MATCH ()-[R]->() |
| 222 | + RETURN R |
| 223 | +$$) as (R agtype); |
| 224 | +
|
| 225 | +-- 查询特定类型的边 |
| 226 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 227 | + MATCH ()-[R:RELTYPE]->() |
| 228 | + RETURN R |
| 229 | +$$) as (R agtype); |
| 230 | +---- |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +=== 更新和删除 |
| 233 | + |
| 234 | +[literal] |
| 235 | +---- |
| 236 | +-- 更新节点属性 |
| 237 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 238 | + MATCH (V:label {property: "Node A"}) |
| 239 | + SET V.property = "Updated Node A" |
| 240 | + RETURN V |
| 241 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 242 | +
|
| 243 | +-- 删除边 |
| 244 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 245 | + MATCH (a:label {property: "Node A"})-[r:RELTYPE]->(b:label {property: "Node B"}) |
| 246 | + DELETE r |
| 247 | +$$) as (r agtype); |
| 248 | +
|
| 249 | +-- 删除节点(必须先删除相关的边) |
| 250 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 251 | + MATCH (V:label {property: "Node B"}) |
| 252 | + DETACH DELETE V |
| 253 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 254 | +---- |
| 255 | + |
| 256 | +=== 与 SQL 结合使用 |
| 257 | + |
| 258 | +[literal] |
| 259 | +---- |
| 260 | +-- 将图查询结果用于关系表查询 |
| 261 | +SELECT * FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 262 | + MATCH (V:label) |
| 263 | + RETURN V.property AS name |
| 264 | +$$) as (name text) |
| 265 | +WHERE name IS NOT NULL; |
| 266 | +
|
| 267 | +-- 统计节点数量 |
| 268 | +SELECT count(*) FROM cypher('graph_name', $$ |
| 269 | + MATCH (V) |
| 270 | + RETURN V |
| 271 | +$$) as (V agtype); |
| 272 | +---- |
| 273 | + |
| 274 | +== 管理命令 |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +[literal] |
| 277 | +---- |
| 278 | +-- 列出所有图 |
| 279 | +SELECT * FROM ag_graph; |
| 280 | +
|
| 281 | +-- 删除图(删除所有相关顶点和边) |
| 282 | +SELECT drop_graph('graph_name', true); |
| 283 | +
|
| 284 | +-- 查看图统计信息 |
| 285 | +SELECT |
| 286 | + graph_name, |
| 287 | + (SELECT count(*) FROM ag_vertex WHERE graph_id = ag_graph.graph_id) AS vertex_count, |
| 288 | + (SELECT count(*) FROM ag_edge WHERE graph_id = ag_graph.graph_id) AS edge_count |
| 289 | +FROM ag_graph; |
| 290 | +---- |
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