diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index a832683..0697e05 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ exclude: '^docs/conf.py'
 
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v5.0.0
+  rev: v6.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
   - id: check-added-large-files
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ repos:
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
   # Ruff version.
-  rev: v0.8.2
+  rev: v0.16.0
   hooks:
     - id: ruff
       args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
diff --git a/docs/requirements.txt b/docs/requirements.txt
index a1b9d2b..c20cf60 100644
--- a/docs/requirements.txt
+++ b/docs/requirements.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+furo
+myst-nb
 # Requirements file for ReadTheDocs, check .readthedocs.yml.
 # To build the module reference correctly, make sure every external package
 # under `install_requires` in `setup.cfg` is also listed here!
 # sphinx_rtd_theme
 myst-parser[linkify]
 sphinx>=3.2.1
-myst-nb
-furo
 sphinx-autodoc-typehints
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index d94e095..bced235 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """
-    Setup file for ensembldb.
-    Use setup.cfg to configure your project.
+Setup file for ensembldb.
+Use setup.cfg to configure your project.
 
-    This file was generated with PyScaffold 4.6.
-    PyScaffold helps you to put up the scaffold of your new Python project.
-    Learn more under: https://pyscaffold.org/
+This file was generated with PyScaffold 4.6.
+PyScaffold helps you to put up the scaffold of your new Python project.
+Learn more under: https://pyscaffold.org/
 """
 
 from setuptools import setup
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     try:
         setup(use_scm_version={"version_scheme": "no-guess-dev"})
-    except:  # noqa
+    except:
         print(
             "\n\nAn error occurred while building the project, "
             "please ensure you have the most updated version of setuptools, "
diff --git a/src/ensembldb/__init__.py b/src/ensembldb/__init__.py
index 7501a7f..f975f4f 100644
--- a/src/ensembldb/__init__.py
+++ b/src/ensembldb/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@
 finally:
     del version, PackageNotFoundError
 
+from .ensdb import EnsDb
 from .record import EnsDbRecord
 from .registry import EnsDbRegistry
-from .ensdb import EnsDb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ensembldb/ensdb.py b/src/ensembldb/ensdb.py
index c81d215..d7acac9 100644
--- a/src/ensembldb/ensdb.py
+++ b/src/ensembldb/ensdb.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import sqlite3
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from biocframe import BiocFrame
 from genomicranges import GenomicRanges
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ def _check_column_exists(self, table: str, column: str) -> bool:
         except sqlite3.OperationalError:
             return False
 
-    def genes(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None) -> GenomicRanges:
+    def genes(self, filter: dict[str, str | list[str]] | None = None) -> GenomicRanges:
         """Retrieve genes as GenomicRanges.
 
         Args:
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ def genes(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None) -> Ge
         entrez_col = ", g.entrezid" if has_entrez else ""
 
         query = f"""
-        SELECT 
+        SELECT
             g.gene_id, g.gene_name, g.gene_biotype,
             g.seq_name, g.gene_seq_start, g.gene_seq_end, g.seq_strand{entrez_col},
             c.seq_length
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ def genes(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None) -> Ge
 
         return self._make_gr(bf, prefix="gene_")
 
-    def transcripts(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None) -> GenomicRanges:
+    def transcripts(self, filter: dict[str, str | list[str]] | None = None) -> GenomicRanges:
         """Retrieve transcripts as GenomicRanges.
 
         Args:
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ def transcripts(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None)
             A GenomicRanges object containing transcript coordinates and metadata.
         """
         query = """
-        SELECT 
+        SELECT
             t.tx_id, t.tx_biotype, t.gene_id,
             t.tx_seq_start, t.tx_seq_end,
             g.seq_name, g.seq_strand, g.gene_name,
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ def transcripts(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None)
 
         return self._make_gr(bf, prefix="tx_")
 
-    def exons(self, filter: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None) -> GenomicRanges:
+    def exons(self, filter: dict[str, str | list[str]] | None = None) -> GenomicRanges:
         """Retrieve exons as GenomicRanges.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/src/ensembldb/record.py b/src/ensembldb/record.py
index a1e7b8a..382437e 100644
--- a/src/ensembldb/record.py
+++ b/src/ensembldb/record.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import date, datetime
-from typing import Optional
 
 __author__ = "Jayaram Kancherla"
 __copyright__ = "Jayaram Kancherla"
@@ -15,22 +14,22 @@ class EnsDbRecord:
 
     ensdb_id: str  # e.g., "AH12345"
     title: str
-    species: Optional[str]
-    taxonomy_id: Optional[str]
-    genome: Optional[str]
-    description: Optional[str]
+    species: str | None
+    taxonomy_id: str | None
+    genome: str | None
+    description: str | None
     url: str
-    release_date: Optional[date]
-    ensembl_version: Optional[str] = None
+    release_date: date | None
+    ensembl_version: str | None = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_db_row(cls, row: tuple) -> "EnsDbRecord":
+    def from_db_row(cls, row: tuple) -> EnsDbRecord:
         """Build a record from a database query row."""
         rid, title, species, tax_id, genome, desc, url, date_str = row
 
         ah_id = f"AH{rid}"
 
-        rel_date: Optional[date] = None
+        rel_date: date | None = None
         if date_str:
             try:
                 rel_date = datetime.strptime(str(date_str).split(" ")[0], "%Y-%m-%d").date()
diff --git a/src/ensembldb/registry.py b/src/ensembldb/registry.py
index 4b1c852..ed956f8 100644
--- a/src/ensembldb/registry.py
+++ b/src/ensembldb/registry.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import sqlite3
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 from pybiocfilecache import BiocFileCache
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class EnsDbRegistry:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        cache_dir: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None,
+        cache_dir: str | Path | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize the EnsDb registry.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         self._bfc = BiocFileCache(self._cache_dir)
 
-        self._registry_map: Dict[str, EnsDbRecord] = {}
+        self._registry_map: dict[str, EnsDbRecord] = {}
         self._initialize_registry(force=force)
 
     def _initialize_registry(self, force: bool = False):
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def _initialize_registry(self, force: bool = False):
             record = EnsDbRecord.from_db_row(row)
             self._registry_map[record.ensdb_id] = record
 
-    def list_ensdbs(self) -> List[str]:
+    def list_ensdbs(self) -> list[str]:
         """List available EnsDb IDs."""
         return sorted(list(self._registry_map.keys()))
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def load_db(self, ensdb_id: str, force: bool = False) -> EnsDb:
         path = self.download(ensdb_id, force=force)
         return EnsDb(path)
 
-    def _get_filepath(self, resource: Any) -> Optional[str]:
+    def _get_filepath(self, resource: Any) -> str | None:
         if hasattr(resource, "rpath"):
             rel_path = str(resource.rpath)
         elif hasattr(resource, "get"):
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 260d0e0..17f527f 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """
-    Dummy conftest.py for ensembldb.
+Dummy conftest.py for ensembldb.
 
-    If you don't know what this is for, just leave it empty.
-    Read more about conftest.py under:
-    - https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/fixture.html
-    - https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/writing_plugins.html
+If you don't know what this is for, just leave it empty.
+Read more about conftest.py under:
+- https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/fixture.html
+- https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/writing_plugins.html
 """
 
 # import pytest